From limits to integration, understanding the right method, not memorising formulas, is the real key to scoring higher in JEE ...

Discover how to distinguish between income and price effects in economics and learn methods to calculate each for better ...

Abstract: This paper establishes an off-policy integral reinforcement learning (IRL) method to solve nonlinear continuous-time (CT) nonzero-sum (NZS) games with unknown system dynamics. The IRL ...

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Integral equations, ubiquitous in various fields like physics, engineering, and economics, present a unique challenge: the unknown function appears under an integral sign. Fortunately, the Laplace ...

In this paper, an efficient method is presented for solving two dimensional Fredholm and Volterra integral equations of the second kind. Chebyshev polynomials are applied to approximate a solution for ...