Life is full of logical arguments. Lawyers love to pick apart arguments to see how they work, the way engineers deconstruct machines and football coaches analyze plays. Logical arguments are ...

Large language models have found great success so far by using their transformer architecture to effectively predict the next words (i.e., language tokens) needed to respond to queries. When it comes ...

We have had a "data fetish" with artificial intelligence (AI) for over 20 years—so long that many have forgotten our AI history. Our saturated mindset states that all AI must start with data, yet back ...

When engineers build AI language models like GPT-5 from training data, at least two major processing features emerge: memorization (reciting exact text they’ve seen before, like famous quotes or ...